First aid Emergency care for the injured

First aid

Emergency care for the injured

What is first aid?

First aid is the provision of immediate care to a victim with an injury of illness, usually
Effected by a lay person, and performed within a limited skill range. First aid is normallyPerformed until the injury or illness is satisfactorily dealt with (such as in the case of smallCuts, minor bruises, and blisters) or until the next level of care, such as an ambulance orDoctor, arrives. 

Guiding principles

The key guiding principles and purpose of first aid, is often given in the mnemonic "3 ps".

These three points govern all the actions undertaken by a first Aider.

• Prevent further injury
• Preserve life
• Promote recovery

First aid/ protective precautions

Awareness of danger

The first thing that any first aider should be aware of when entering a situation is the

Potential for danger to themselves. This is especially important in first aid, as situations which are dangerous are the most likely to produce casualties who require first aid.

Danger can consist of:

• Environmental danger – An danger in the surroundings, such as falling masonry, broken Glass, fast vehicles or chemicals.

• Human danger - Danger from people at the scene (including the victim) which can be Intentional or accidental.

FIRST AID/ A,B & C 

• A FOR AIRWAY
• B FOR BREATHING
• C FOR COMPRESSION

Personal Protective Equipment

How to Do CPR

Before You Do CPR

Determine if the patient needs CPR before you start it. Follow these steps:

1. Shake and Shout. Grasp the patient by the shoulders and shake briskly. Shout "Wake up!" and the patient's name if you know it. Shake and shout for a few seconds, but don't spend too much time.
2. Call 108. Anytime a patient won't wake up, call 108 immediately. Get help on the way as fast as you can.
3. Check for Breathing. Tilt the patient's head back and look for breathing. If the patient doesn't take a breath in less than 10 seconds, start CPR.

Don't spend a lot of time trying to wake the patient. If it doesn't work with five seconds of trying, move on. You can't hurt the patient with CPR, but if the patient needs CPR and you don't do it, the patient will die.

• Start CPR

1. 
   
2. Push on the Chest. Imagine a line between the nipples and put your hands on the center of the chest right below that line. Push hard and fast—about twice per second.
3. Rescue Breaths. If you have had CPR training and feel comfortable performing the steps, push on the chest 30 times then give 2 rescue breaths. Repeat cycles of 30 chest compression's and 2 breaths until help arrives or the patient wakes up.

If you have not had CPR training or don't feel comfortable giving rescue breaths, just keep pushing on the chest until help arrives.

What Each Step Does

If you have a patient in front of you and you're saving a life, ignore this section until later. If, on the other hand, you'd like to know why you do each step, read on.

Shaking and Shouting

The idea is to try the least invasive treatment for the patient before moving on to something more aggressive. Shaking and shouting went out of favor for a while due to concern about neck injuries. The reality is that neck injuries are both very uncommon and very unlikely to be aggravated by this maneuver.

Try a quick shake and shout, but don't let this step get in the way of the more important steps. If the patient isn't responding, call 108. If the patient wakes up, but is confused or not able to speak, call 108.

Calling 108

Whenever you have an unconscious adult patient, the ambulance is the first thing you want on the way. Even before starting CPR, you need to call 911 and get help started your way. Without an ambulance to get the patient and transport him to the right hospital, None of the stuff on this list will help much.

Follow the instructions given by the dispatcher on the other end of the phone (if they do give you instructions). If they don't provide instructions, follow the steps listed above.

Chest Compression's

Compressing the chest moves blood through the brain, keeping it alive until the heart can get started again. It's really important to keep the blood flowing without interruption. Any delay in pushing on the chest (or any pause of more than a few seconds) also significantly affects how well blood flows.

Almost as important as how deep and how fast you compress the chest, releasing the chest after each push is also critical. Your hands shouldn't bounce, but you should lift your entire body weight off the patient in between each compression.

Chest compression's are extremely important. If you are not comfortable giving rescue breaths, still perform chest compression's! It's called Hands Only CPR.  No matter what, keep going until help arrives or the patient wakes up and tells you to stop.

Rescue Breathing

Rescue breathing has become one of the most controversial steps in CPR. The debate is ongoing about how much is enough (or too much) and whether it's even necessary.

                             Click below to see CPR demonstration video.

                                                     !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

                          https://youtu.be/ozzZVQQTvo4

Thank You